RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Considering the potential of p16 as a marker for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response, the aim of this study was to assess its presence, via immunocytochemistry, in metastatic carcinoma of different primary sites and histological types obtained from effusions and peritoneal washings. A total of 118 samples including 85 of metastatic carcinoma and 33 samples of benign effusion/peritoneal washing were prepared by the plasma/thromboplastin method. Immunocytochemistry reactions were performed on cell block sections using antibodies against p16, claudin-4, MOC-31, calretinin, HBME and CD68. RESULTS: P16 overexpression was observed in 88.23% of all carcinoma samples. All cervix adenocarcinoma samples showed p16 overexpression. Overexpression in adenocarcinomas of ovary, lung and breast was observed in 93.75, 93.10 and 75% of the samples, respectively. Overexpression was observed in all different histological types analyzed: small cell carcinoma (lung), squamous cell carcinoma (cervical) and urothelial carcinoma (bladder). The specificity of p16 for carcinoma detection was of 96.96%. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of p16 was observed in most metastatic carcinoma, from different primary sites and histological types, obtained from effusions and peritoneal washings. Due to its high frequency of overexpression in metastatic carcinoma, p16 may play a possible role in tumor progression and it may be considered as a complementary diagnostic marker depending on histological type and primary site of carcinoma.
Assuntos
Líquido Ascítico/química , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/secundário , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/análise , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/patologia , Derrame Pericárdico/química , Derrame Pleural Maligno/química , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação Mielomonocítica/análise , Antígenos de Diferenciação Mielomonocítica/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Calbindina 2/análise , Calbindina 2/imunologia , Claudina-4/análise , Claudina-4/imunologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/imunologia , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial , Humanos , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha therapy has become clinically important for treating inflammatory bowel disease. However, the use of conventional immunotherapy requires a systemic exposure of patients and collateral side effects. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to be effective as mucosal delivering system for cytokine and single domain antibodies, and it is amenable to clinical purposes. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria may function as vehicles for delivery of therapeutic antibodies molecules to the gastrointestinal tract restricting the pharmacological effect towards the gut. Here, we use the mucosal delivery of Lactococcus lactis carrying an anti-TNFα scFv expression plasmid on a DSS-induced colitis model in mice. RESULTS: Experimental colitis was induced with DSS administered in drinking water. L. lactis carrying the scFv expression vector was introduced by gavage. After four days of treatment, animals showed a significant improvement in histological score and disease activity index compared to those of untreated animals. Moreover, treated mice display IL-6, IL17A, IL1ß, IL10 and FOXP3 mRNA levels similar to health control mice. Therefore, morphological and molecular markers suggest amelioration of the experimentally induced colitis. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence for the use of this alternative system for delivering therapeutic biopharmaceuticals in loco for treating inflammatory bowel disease, paving the way for a novel low-cost and site-specific biotechnological route for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Assuntos
Colite/terapia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Vetores Genéticos/administração & dosagem , Lactococcus lactis/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos/genética , Anticorpos/imunologia , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Lactococcus lactis/genética , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/genética , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/imunologia , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a common deep mycosis in South America caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus. Biopsy is the most frequent diagnostic method. The aim of this article is reporting four cases of PCM, in which intraoral involvement simulated squamous-cell carcinoma and was diagnosed by exfoliative cytology. We highlight this diagnostic tool as a simple, low cost, painless, noninvasive, and fast diagnostic method for PCM.
